Dic_12

LA GRAMÁTICA INGLESA Presente Perfecto Pasado Perfecto Futuro Perfecto Singular I: have called I: had called I: will/shall have called you: have called you: had called you: will have called he, she, it: has called he, she, it: had called he, she, it: will have called Plural we: have called we: had called we: will/shall have called you: have called you: had called you: will have called they: have called they: had called they: will have called Modo subjuntivo Presente Pasado Futuro Singular I: call I: called I: would call you: call you: called you: would call he, she, it: calls he, she, it: called he, she, it: would call Plural we: call we: called we: would call you: call you: called you: would call they: call they: called they: would call Presente Perfecto Pasado Perfecto Futuro Perfecto Singular I: have called I: had called I: would have called you: have called you: had called you: would have called he, she, it: have (has*) called he, she, it: had called he, she, it: would have called Plural we: have called we: had called we: would have called you: have called you: had called you: would have called they: have called they: had called they: would have called * Nótese que, en el modo subjuntivo, a pesar de que con la tercera persona singular la forma gramaticalmente correcta es have , en el uso diario de los nativos (escrito y hablado) es común que se use has . Modo Imperativo Infinitivo Participio Presente Participio Pasado call (you, thou) to call calling called El modo subjuntivo 1. El modo subjuntivo se emplea para expresar una idea, no como un hecho, sino como una suposición o una posibilidad: Should it rain, we will not go. Si llueve, no iremos. Were he brave, he would fight. Si fuera valiente, pelearía. 2. El subjuntivo sirve también para expresar un deseo: Thy will be done. Hágase tu voluntad. Success attend your efforts. Que el éxito corone tu esfuerzo. 3. En inglés moderno, were del verbo to be es casi la única forma del modo subjuntivo que se usa con alguna frecuencia: He could do it, if he were the leader. (Él) podría hacerlo, si (él) fuera el líder. God save the Queen. Dios salve a la Reina. Las demás formas se han perdido y en la práctica son remplazadas por las correspondientes del infinitivo. Así, en vez de If he came tomorrow , hoy se dice If he comes tomorrow con mayor frecuencia. Antiguamente no se consideraba correcto, por lo menos en lo escrito. El modo imperativo El imperativo es igual al infinitivo, tanto en singular como en plural: Write me a letter. Escríbame una carta. Escríbeme una carta. Escríbanme una carta.